A Potential New Mechanism for the Butterfly Diagram of the Solar Cycle: Latitude-dependent Radial Flux Transport

Abstract The butterfly diagram of the solar cycle is equatorward migration emergence latitudes sunspots as evolves. Revealing mechanism for essential understanding and stellar dynamo. meridional flow at base convection zone (CZ) was believed to be responsible diagram. However, helioseismological studies indicate controversial forms flow, even present poleward CZ, which poses a big challenge widely accepted mechanism. This motivates us propose new in this study. Using data-driven Babcock–Leighton–type dynamo model, we carry out numerical simulations explore how latitude-dependent radial flux transport affects latitudinal toroidal field, under different profiles. results that when poloidal field higher sufficiently faster, fields are generated earlier than lower latitudes, vice versa. Thus, suggested correspond time- regeneration due flux.